The class develops what an oxygen sensor is, what faults and malfunctions it can have, and the implications for fleet management.

Slide 2. Oxygen sensor.

The internal parts of modern vehicles are designed to be more efficient and pollute less. Among these components, the oxygen sensor stands out, as it regulates emissions and optimizes fuel consumption.

This small, discreet device is vital to the operation of the engine. It measures the amount of oxygen present in the exhaust gases during combustion and, based on that reading, adjusts the air-fuel ratio to improve efficiency. Understanding how it works and the signals it emits when it starts to malfunction can help you avoid many breakdowns.

• What is the oxygen sensor and how does it work?.

It is a component located in the car’s exhaust system whose function is to inform the electronic control unit ECU about the amount of oxygen present in the exhaust gases. With this data, the ECU regulates the amount of fuel to be injected into the engine.

Vehicles usually have two sensors: One before the catalytic converter and one after. The first adjusts the air-fuel mixture, while the second verifies that the catalytic converter is working properly.

There are narrow-band and wide-band sensors. The latter are more accurate, as they incorporate a cell that measures and controls residual oxygen more precisely.

• Effects of an incorrect air-fuel mixture.

The engine needs a balanced ratio of air and gasoline to function properly. If the mixture is rich, there is too much fuel, the sensor detects low oxygen and the ECU reduces the fuel flow. If the mixture is lean, excess air, the ECU injects more fuel.

An unbalanced mixture can significantly increase pollutant emissions. If there is excess gasoline, carbon monoxide and other hydrocarbons are generated. If there is too little, nitrogen oxides increase. That is why the oxygen sensor is essential for protecting the environment.

• Why can an oxygen sensor fail?.

Wear and tear is one of the most common causes. This component is exposed to high temperatures, unburned fuel residues, contaminated oil, and even coolant, which can deteriorate its performance.

 A dirty or damaged sensor sends erroneous signals to the control unit, which can cause combustion problems, jerking, and loss of power.

• Symptoms of oxygen sensor failure.

When the oxygen sensor fails, several symptoms may appear.

1. The check engine light comes on.
2. Fuel consumption increases.
3. The engine jerks or has an unstable idle.
4. Difficulty starting.
5. Loss of power when accelerating.

Driving in these conditions can damage other parts of the exhaust system, such as the catalytic converter, and increase repair costs.

• Diagnosis and replacement.

The diagnosis is performed with an OBD scanner, which is connected to the vehicle and allows the error codes stored by the control unit to be read. If a problem related to the sensor is detected, its condition must be inspected.

In some cases, it is possible to clean it, but it is more common to have to replace it. The cost of this part varies depending on the make and model of the car, but it is usually affordable and worth it if it prevents more serious breakdowns.

Although it can be replaced without complex tools, it is recommended that a professional do it to ensure correct installation.

• How often should this check be performed?.

There is no fixed interval, but manufacturers usually recommend checking or replacing the oxygen sensor between 100,000 and 150,000 kilometers. In older or poorly maintained vehicles, wear and tear may occur sooner.

• Implications for fleet management.

The main consequence is that the engine does not run properly, more polluting emissions are emitted, and fuel consumption increases.

The oxygen sensor must be replaced, with the associated cost and downtime during which the vehicle cannot be used.

If the oxygen sensor is not working properly, the vehicle will not pass the technical inspection (ITV) due to polluting emissions.

To prevent problems and find out if the oxygen sensor is working properly, you need to perform frequent diagnostics with an OBD scanner.

Performing regular checks on the exhaust system and watching out for any signs of failure helps to extend the life of the oxygen sensor.

Although it may go unnoticed, the oxygen sensor plays a key role in enabling the car to run efficiently and without excessive pollution. When it fails, the engine consumes more fuel, emits more polluting gases, and performs less efficiently.

Detecting it in time and replacing it when necessary is a simple way to save money, protect the environment, and keep your car in good condition for longer.

Slide 3. Thank you for your time.

The class has developed what the oxygen sensor is, what faults it can have, and the implications for fleet management, see you soon.

Bibliography.

https://www.autopista.es/noticias-motor/sensor-oxigeno-coche-posibles-fallos-averias-ecn_313906_102.html

The price of the training is 250 euros.

The training is asynchronous online, you can do it at your own pace, whenever and from wherever you want, you set the schedule.

Classes are video recorded.

 Fill out the following form to receive course information, or write an email to:

Contact.

• José Miguel Fernández Gómez.
• Email: info@advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com
• Mobile phone: +34 678254874 Spain.

Course Features.

• The course is aimed at: managers, middle managers, fleet managers, any professional related to electric vehicles, and any company, organization, public administration that wants to switch to electric vehicles.
• Schedule: at your own pace, you set the schedule.
• Duration: 27 hours.
• Completion time: Once you have started the course you have 6 months to finish it.
• Materials: english slides and syllabus for each class in PDF.
• If you pass the course you get a certificate.
• Each class has a quiz to take.
• English language, subtitles and syllabus.
• Other subtitles and video syllabus available: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Thai, Turkish, Vietnamese.

• Start date: The course can be started whenever you want. Once payment is made, you have access to the course.

Price.

• 250 euros.

• You can pay by bank transfer, credit card, or PayPal.

Goals.

• Know the most important aspects to take into account when electrifying a fleet of vehicles.
• Learn about electric vehicle technology.
• Know the polluting emissions that occur when a fleet of vehicles is electrified.
• Know what technologies are viable to electrify a fleet of vehicles.
• Learn about real cases of vehicle fleet electrification.
• Know the history of the electric vehicle.

Syllabus.

1. History of electric vehicle.
2. Battery electric vehicle.
3. History of the lithium ion battery.
4. Types of electric vehicle batteries.
5. New electric vehicle battery materials.
6. Other storage technologies of electric vehicle batteries.
7. Battery components.
8. Battery Management System-BMS.
9. The use of rare earths in the electric vehicle.
10. Fundamentals of the electric motor.
11. Types of electric motors and their relationship to rare earths.
12. Electric vehicle inverter: what it is and what it is used for.
13. Battery degradation loss of autonomy.
14. What is covered and not covered by the electric vehicle battery warranty.
15. Battery passport.
16. Battery fire of the electric vehicle.
17. Causes, stages and  risks of battery fire.
18. Real cases of electric vehicle fire.
19. Electric vehicle battery fire extinguishment.
20. Measures to prevent, extinguish and control electric vehicle fires.
21. Fire safety regulations for electric vehicle batteries.
22. Impact of ambient temperature on battery performance.
23. The electric vehicle brands most likely to breakdown due to high temperatures.
24. Which emmits more Co2, an electric car or a car with an internal combustion engine.
25. Plug-in electric hybrids, a solution or an obstacle  to electrify the vehicle fleet?.
26. Fleet electrification with hydrogen vehicles.
27. Cybersecurity of charging points.
28. The theft of copper in electric vehicle chargers.
29. Incidents at electric car charging points and their possible solutions.
30. Batery swapping.
31. The second life of the battery of the EV at Rome airport.
32. The tires of electric vehicles.
33. Electric vehicle, artificial intelligence, and electricity demand.
34. The case of Hertz electrification.
35. The case of Huaneng: The world’s first electrified and autonomous mining fleet
36. Consequences on the vehicle fleet of an electric vehicle brand going bankruptcy.
37. E-fuels and synthetic fuels are not an alternative to decarbonize the vehicle fleet.
38. How to avoid premature obsolescence of the fleet’s electric vehicles.
39. Polluting emissions from brakes.
40. Mileage manipulation to extinguish warranty early on electric vehicles.
41. The importance of the electricity tariff in reducing electric vehicle costs.
42. Taxi reality: Three true stories of electrification for economy.
43. Electric vehicles cause more motion sickness than gasoline vehicles.
44. Electric vehicle insurance and advanced driver assistance systems-ADAS.
45. One-pedal driving: Risk of accidents.

Training teacher.