The class develops whether there is any difference in engine performance between Premium and Low Cost fuel additives, and the implications for fleet management.

Slide 2. Premium and Low Cost fuel additives.

            Fuel additives are chemicals added to fuel, gasoline, or diesel to improve its properties, performance, and protect the engine. These additives can have various functions, such as cleaning injectors, increasing octane, improving combustion, reducing emissions, and protecting against corrosion.

            In general, they act as enhancers that help the engine run more smoothly and efficiently. However, they work differently in each type of fuel and offer different benefits.

            Why is there such a difference in the price of fuel at some gas stations considered Premium and others considered Low Cost? Is it because of the additives? Are we really talking about a “miracle” product or a marketing formula?, is it true that filling up a car with certain fuels with extra additives increases its durability and performance?

            The following is a case study of Spain, which will be the same or similar in any country.

            Premium+, Efitec, Neotech, Óptima, Star… different names that each gas station uses to label the different diesel and gasoline fuels at their pumps. The distribution companies themselves name them according to the additives they add, but are some better than others?, the first thing you should know is that virtually all fuel sold in Spain contains additives.

• Do extra additives increase engine durability and performance?.

            The first thing we need to know, and explain, is that virtually all fuel sold in Spain already contains additives. According to the Organization of Consumers and Users (OCU), “there are currently only nine refineries in Spain, and each one usually supplies service stations in a specific area.

            The base fuels supplied by each refinery are identical for all gas stations that load their distribution trucks there on the same day. Gasoline and diesel must always meet minimum quality and property requirements regulated by law, a quality that is sufficient for them to be used by all engines that accept that type of fuel.

            Also taking into account that all fuels are good, both those sold at premium service stations and low-cost gas stations, as they have the same minimum quality and approval requirements, it is true that different brands can then add their own additives, although the base additives are always the same, as it is the national company itself that is responsible for transporting and storing all fuels in Spain, now called Exolum and formerly known as Compañía de Logística de Hidrocarburos-CLH, which also adds additives directly at the refinery for all companies that want them.

• All fuels sold in Spain already contain additives.

            These basic additives, common to almost all fuels sold in Spain, are called HQ300 and HQ400, and serve to improve the quality of the final products to be refueled and to facilitate refueling.

• HQ300 is used for diesel.

            Its properties are:

1. Improves the cetane index: this facilitates the ignition of diesel fuel.
2. Keeps injectors clean and preserves the injection pump.
3. Protects against corrosion.
4. Reduces foaming, facilitating the refueling process.

• HQ400 is used in gasoline.

            Its properties are:

1. Prevents the formation of deposits on the intake valves.
2. Keeps the injectors clean.

            The main gasoline distributors add their own additives. For example, Repsol Efitec 95 gasoline uses the Neotech formula, BP advertises its Active technology, but they are all regulated by law and cannot add just anything.

            Basically, they promise effects similar to HQ300 and HQ400, but present them with phrases such as “increases engine life” or “reduces fuel consumption and increases engine performance.” Despite the mystery that companies want to surround their own compounds with, their effects do not seem very different from those achieved by the most common additives.

            Considering that all the fuels we refuel with already have additives and that, for example, the major brands add some extras to justify their higher prices, although in very small quantities in proportion to the fuel, in some cases around 1 milliliter per 1,000 liters of fuel, according to the OCU, does adding more supposedly better additives really help improve engine health?.

• All additives have similar effects and there are no major differences in consumption.

            In this regard, the OCU has published a report stating that extra additives, which basically promise the same effects as the common HQ300 and HQ400 additives already included in practically all fuels in Spain, show “effects that do not seem very different from those achieved by the most common additives.”

• • Engine life.

            The OCU confirms that “proving that an additive extends the life of an engine is very difficult, because there is no way to determine how long that engine would have lasted if it had not used that gasoline.”

• • Consumption.

            Even on such a controversial issue as fuel consumption and efficiency, the OCU cites an analysis carried out by the Portuguese consumer organization DECO, which sought to demonstrate the effects of refueling with different types of diesel fuel Premium, Regular, and Low Cost supposedly with different additives. The organization’s conclusion was that “after thousands of kilometers traveled, we found no appreciable differences. To reduce consumption, the key is to choose a car with low consumption and drive efficiently.”

• Implications for fleet management.

            The main consequence is the cost of fuel, because Premium fuels cost more than normal fuels, around 10 cents per liter of fuel at the same gas station of a multinational oil company such as Repsol, BP, Galp, etc.

            The price difference between a gas station belonging to a multinational oil company such as Repsol, BP, Galp, etc. and low-cost gas stations can be between 20 and 30 cents per liter of fuel.

            Fuel is one of the biggest costs for a fleet. In fleets such as those used for goods transport, it can account for up to 40% of total costs, and a rise in fuel prices can lead to losses or very low profits/profitability. 

            As discussed above, there are no significant differences between using premium, regular, or low-cost fuel, so it is recommended to use regular or low-cost fuel to save costs. For a fleet, this means hundreds of thousands or millions of euros in savings per year.

            In a fleet of passenger cars or SUVs, it is recommended to replace vehicles after 5-6 years or 150,000 kilometers, whichever comes first. Therefore, even if we use premium fuel, it will have little impact on the durability of the engine.

            It is recommended to reach an agreement with an oil company, wholesale distributor, or gas station network for the purchase of fuel because the price will be lower due to the volume of fuel consumed per year. 

Slide 3. Thank you for your time.

            The class has developed whether there is any difference in engine performance between Premium and Low Cost fuel additives, and the implications for fleet management, see you soon.

Bibliography.

https://www.autopista.es/noticias-motor/es-bueno-usar-aditivos-junto-combustible-hay-gasolinas-diesel-mejores-analizamos_310620_102.html

https://www.autopista.es/noticias-motor/sirven-aditivos-en-carburantes-hay-gasolinas-diesel-mejores-peores-en-espana_303024_102.html

https://www.ocu.org/coches/gasolina-y-carburantes/consejos/aditivos-gasolina

 

Contact.

• José Miguel Fernández Gómez.
• Email: info@advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com
• Mobile phone: +34 678254874 Spain.

Course Features.

• The course is aimed at: managers, middle managers, fleet managers, any professional related to electric vehicles, and any company, organization, public administration that wants to switch to electric vehicles.
• Schedule: at your own pace, you set the schedule.
• Duration: 25 hours.
• Completion time: Once you have started the course you have 6 months to finish it.
• Materials: english slides and syllabus for each class in PDF.
• If you pass the course you get a certificate.
• Each class has a quiz to take.
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• Other subtitles and video syllabus available: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Thai, Turkish, Vietnamese.

• Start date: The course can be started whenever you want. Once payment is made, you have access to the course.

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• You can pay by bank transfer, credit card, or PayPal.

Goals.

• Know the most important aspects to take into account when electrifying a fleet of vehicles.
• Learn about electric vehicle technology.
• Know the polluting emissions that occur when a fleet of vehicles is electrified.
• Know what technologies are viable to electrify a fleet of vehicles.
• Learn about real cases of vehicle fleet electrification.
• Know the history of the electric vehicle.

Syllabus.

1. History of electric vehicle.
2. Battery electric vehicle.
3. History of the lithium ion battery.
4. Types of electric vehicle batteries.
5. New electric vehicle battery materials.
6. Other storage technologies of electric vehicle batteries.
7. Battery components.
8. Battery Management System-BMS.
9. Fundamentals of the electric motor.
10. Battery degradation loss of autonomy.
11. What is covered and not covered by the electric vehicle battery warranty.
12. Battery passport.
13. Battery fire of the electric vehicle.
14. Causes, stages and  risks of battery fire.
15. Real cases of electric vehicle fire.
16. Electric vehicle battery fire extinguishment.
17. Measures to prevent, extinguish and control electric vehicle fires.
18. Fire safety regulations for electric vehicle batteries.
19. Impact of ambient temperature on battery performance.
20. Which emmits more Co2, an electric car or a car with an internal combustion engine.
21. The use of rare earth earths in the electric vehicle.
22. Plug-in electric hybrids, a solution or an obstacle  to electrify the vehicle fleet?.
23. Fleet electrification with hydrogen vehicles.
24. Cybersecurity of charging points.
25. The theft of copper in electric vehicle chargers.
26. Incidents at electric car charging points and their possible solutions.
27. Batery swapping.
28. The tires of electric vehicles.
29. Electric vehicle, artificial intelligence, and electricity demand.
30. The case of Hertz electrification.
31. The case of Huaneng: The world’s first electrified and autonomous mining fleet.
32. Consequences on the vehicle fleet of an electric vehicle brand going bankruptcy.
33. E-fuels and synthetic fuels are not an alternative to decarbonize the vehicle fleet.
34. How to avoid premature obsolescence of the fleet’s electric vehicles.
35. Polluting emissions from brakes.
36. Mileage manipulation to extinguish warranty early on electric vehicles.
37. The importance of the electricity tariff in reducing electric vehicle costs.

Training teacher.