{"id":9308,"date":"2021-01-16T12:21:52","date_gmt":"2021-01-16T11:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/?p=9308"},"modified":"2021-01-16T12:21:52","modified_gmt":"2021-01-16T11:21:52","slug":"av-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/2021\/01\/16\/av-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"ODD Collaboration Needed for AV Safety"},"content":{"rendered":"

The creation of an operational design domain (ODD) will be an essential component to the widespread adoption and deployment of self-driving vehicles.<\/span><\/p>\n

ODDs, a term that defines all conceivable overlapping conditions, use cases, restrictions and scenarios that an AV might encounter, help with the development of autonomous vehicles because they define where autonomous vehicles can function based on current capabilities. Defined areas of operation allow for deliberate refinement before AV systems \u201cgraduate\u201d to more challenging ODDs. Of course, ODDs can expand as the technology evolves, allowing for safe and predictable operation in appropriate areas on the path to full autonomy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cODD standards are extremely important because they explicitly describe the environment in which a specific autonomous vehicle level is designed to operate in,\u201d explained AAA automotive technical engineer Matthew Lum. \u201cThis provides a specific framework which guides development and unambiguously defines the operating capabilities of a specific system.<\/span><\/p>\n

He said these standards must be collaboratively defined by AV designers, technology companies involved in AV and infrastructure development, regulatory policymakers, and safety\/advocacy organizations. Adding that specific automaker tribalism should be kept to a minimum. \u201cCurrent and future states of the technology should be considered, as well as specific challenges inherent to specific ODDs, such as densely populated environments with a high concentration of vulnerable road users and so on,\u201d Lum pointed out.<\/span><\/p>\n

Regulation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dr Phil Koopman, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon University and the principal technical author of the UL 4600 Standard for Safety for the Evaluation of Autonomous Products, explained the \u201cone true set\u201d of ODD definitions for all purposes is a long way away. \u201cThe thing about ODDs is a useful description is in the eye of the beholder, because different stakeholders are worried about different elements,\u201d he said. \u201cRegulators and city officials care about things like snow but they don\u2019t know if the car cares if it\u2019s snowing or not.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

He points to \u201cweird things\u201d like city-specific traffic signs, such as a \u201cright turn keep moving\u201d indicator under Pittsburg stop signs, highlights the complexity of the task. \u201cIf the ODD doesn\u2019t have that particular indicator in there, the car will struggle,\u201d he said. \u201cThe existence of that sign is part of the ODD.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Another Steel City element Koopman pointed to was the number of single-lane bridges crisscrossing the landscape, which in some circumstances require non-verbal human communication to navigate. \u201cThe point of an ODD is not to say all cars must do single-lane bridges, the point is that everyone knows there are single lane bridges out there, and you have to have a plan,\u201d he explained. \u201cA manufacturer might say we don\u2019t do them but our map has them, so our plan is to navigate around them, while others may say, \u2018yeah we know how to do that social negotiation, we\u2019ve designed for that\u2019. The point of the ODD is to have a language to discuss the sticking points, so you can describe what your plan is.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

His approach favors an umbrella ODD method by which various driving factors and conditions, such as location, weather and time of day, are divided into subsets. \u201cThe way I look about it is that there is one ODD and the vehicle operates within these parameters. It doesn\u2019t make sense to have multiple ODDs,\u201d he said. \u201cIf the vehicle can handle them it can handle them, that\u2019s ODD.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Standards<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

For Siddartha Khastgir head of verification and validation of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) at WMG at the University of Warwick in England, said the development of ODDs is critical because it influences everything about the vehicle that comes after, including system design and sensor design. Like Koopman, he noted the number of stakeholders, and the varying perspectives they represent, make issues like defining standards a challenge.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAny standardization activity cannot be done by one person, you\u2019re catering to the diverse set of stakeholders, and for ODDs, that includes Tier 1s, manufacturers, insurance providers and people like regulators and local city councils,\u201d he said. \u201cYou have to capture the opinions of different stakeholders. If you are saying you can handle a rainfall of up to 10mm an hour, the local council will just ask for you to be handle the rainfall, because they can\u2019t govern that granularly. Different levels of abstraction have to be taken into consideration.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Khastgir said that while not all parameters must be measured by sensors on the vehicle, if some are to be guided by over the air (OTA) systems like traffic management, that means standards for ensuring standard of monitoring also have to be included in the ODD. \u201cIf you\u2019re going the OTA route, you need to add an additional requirement to the ODD, such as a guaranteed 5G connection with its own defined signal strength and latency, to ensure the car drives only when it has that connection,\u201d he explained.<\/span><\/p>\n

AAA\u2019s Lum agreed fostering agreement and collaboration among the number and diversity of stakeholders involved could be a long-term arduous process. \u201cIt is critical to understand that ODDs are just part of the complex task of preparing automated vehicles to safely operate on the road, and any ODD will be challenged often by the complex environment in which we drive every day,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

by Nathan Eddy<\/a><\/p>\n

Source: https:\/\/www.tu-auto.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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FLEET MANAGEMENT AUDIT<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The creation of an operational design domain (ODD) will be an essential component to the widespread adoption and deployment of self-driving vehicles. ODDs, a term that defines all conceivable overlapping conditions, use cases, restrictions and scenarios that an AV might encounter, help with the development of autonomous vehicles because they define where autonomous vehicles can…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[6],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9308"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9308"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9310,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9308\/revisions\/9310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}