{"id":6481,"date":"2020-07-09T22:47:04","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T20:47:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/?p=6481"},"modified":"2020-07-09T22:47:04","modified_gmt":"2020-07-09T20:47:04","slug":"electric-vehicles-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/2020\/07\/09\/electric-vehicles-3\/","title":{"rendered":"How running electric vehicles can save organisations money"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Eight years ago, <em>Fleet News<\/em> produced a supplement boldly called \u201c2012: The Year of The Electric Car\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">While there was growing evidence at that time that the technology was about to break through into the mainstream, it turned out we were \u2013 as is sometimes the case \u2013 ahead of our time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">However, current political, environmental and technological circumstances suggest that with the dawn of the new decade, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) will now really start to gain a firm foothold in the UK fleet sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-ad-mobile-replace=\"mpu-1\" data-responsive-movable-xs=\"ad-191302-mpu-1\" data-responsive-movable-sm=\"ad-191302-mpu-1\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Part of the reason for this should be that the adoption of BEVs also has the potential to save fleets thousands of pounds per vehicle each year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">This is why it is important that organisations look beyond the P11D price or leasing cost premium that BEVs carry over petrol or diesel vehicles to look at wholelife costs, says Helen Lees, head of electric vehicles and connected services at Groupe PSA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cWe are trying to focus our customers\u2019 minds on the total cost of ownership of EVs,\u201d she says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cEven if you have to pay more up front, or even if your monthly rental is a little higher, the reduced running cost through electricity is much cheaper than petrol or diesel; there is a reduced service, maintenance and repair (SMR) cost from the fact there are fewer mechanical working parts so there is less to replace on every service, and that can change the perception of pricing in the customers\u2019 minds.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Here we look at the some of the elements which influence the cost of operating a BEV and what they mean for a fleet operator.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Purchase price\/lease rentals<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">BEVs have traditionally carried a price and leasing premium over petrol or diesel vehicles, with research from Sewells showing this is a major barrier to wider fleet uptake of the technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">As an example of the differing costs between internal combustion-engined (ICE) cars and their electric versions, the P11D price of the Volkswagen e-Golf starts at \u00a331,020, while the ICE range \u2013 excluding the GTi hot hatch \u2013 is priced between \u00a319,065 and \u00a330,880.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Hyundai\u2019s Kona Electric has a P11D price from \u00a330,695. The ICE models range from \u00a318,330 to \u00a326,245.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Sewells\u2019 British Business and Mobility Study found:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">30% of car fleets and 22% of van fleets are not prepared to pay a premium to purchase or lease an electric vehicle (EV).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">61% of car fleets and 74% of van fleets think it will be three years at least, if ever, that electric vehicles reach a price the business would be prepared to pay.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">However, advances in technology and falling prices of raw materials mean the price difference between BEVs and ICE vehicles is shrinking, with analysts KPMG predicting price parity next year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">It says batteries typically account for 40% of the cost of an entire vehicle and when the first mass-market EVs were introduced in 2010, they cost an estimated $1,000 (\u00a3765) per kWh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Today, Tesla\u2019s Model 3 battery pack costs $190 (\u00a3145) per kWh, and KPMG expects the cost to halve by 2030 due to technological developments and production scale economies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cIf you look at what has happened in the battery supply market, there have been significant changes in lithium battery prices over the years,\u201d adds Lees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cProbably the easiest example I can give is Peugeot Ion and Citro\u00ebn C-Zero. When we launched these in late 2010\/early 2011, they were \u00a333,000 cars.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-ad-mobile-replace=\"mpu-2\" data-responsive-movable-xs=\"ad-191302-mpu-2\" data-responsive-movable-sm=\"ad-191302-mpu-2\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cWhen they were discontinued in the UK market in 2018, we were retailing them at \u00a316,000 and the absolute majority of that change was down to battery cost reduction.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Fuel costs<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The major cost advantage a BEV has over an ICE vehicle is fuel. \u201cIt is a fraction of the price,\u201d says Simon King, fleet and procurement director at Mitie, which has committed to 20% of its car and small van fleet to be electric by the end of the year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The cost of electricity to power a BEV for a mile depends on the electricity tariff used, but starts at around 3.5 pence per mile (ppm) on the average domestic electricity rate of about 14 pence per kWh. This compares with 11ppm to 14ppm to fuel a typical diesel car.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">However, like petrol or diesel cars, the efficiency of a BEV can vary massively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cWe are finding that manufacturers are applying BEV technology in different ways,\u201d says Rob Anderson, programme manager at Cenex.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cYou\u2019ve got the likes of Hyundai and Kia who have quite an efficient drivetrain, because you have got a 64kWh battery pack that will do 270 miles on a charge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cYou\u2019ve then got companies like Jaguar and Audi who are throwing the kitchen sink at it with 90kWh battery packs and they will still just about do 280-ish miles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cThey have probably gone for performance because that\u2019s what their customers expect. They expect acceleration, they expect that oomph behind the wheel, which is why they\u2019ve added extra batteries in there to give them that, whereas Hyundai, Kia and Nissan have gone \u2018tell you what, let\u2019s go for efficiency\u2019.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">This has a noticeable affect on the cost of fuelling BEVs \u2013 as the table shows \u2013 but it is still much lower than for ICE vehicles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Organisations which reimburse drivers for business miles using the Government\u2019s advisory fuel rates can also make significant savings by switching to BEVs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">HMRC has set an advisory electricity rate (AER) for BEVs at 4ppm. This compares with between 12ppm and 21ppm for petrol cars and between 9ppm and 14ppm for diesel models.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">This means an employee driving a BEV more than 10,000 business miles a year will be reimbursed \u00a3400. If they were driving a petrol or diesel car, this figure would be between \u00a3900 and \u00a32,100.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cThere are huge savings there to be had,\u201d says Mel Creedy, business development manager at DriveElectric.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Benefit-in-kind tax\/Class 1A NIC<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The Government\u2019s announcement that drivers of BEVs will pay 0% company car tax for the 2020\/21 tax year will lower the cost of operating the<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">vehicles for both employees and employers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">From April, a 20% taxpayer who drives a \u00a332,000 BEV will save \u00a31,664 a year compared with an identically priced petrol car with CO2 emissions<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">of 105g\/km (26% BIK band), and \u00a31,792 over a 95g\/km of CO2 diesel (28% BIK band), with the same P11D price. These savings double for a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">40% taxpayer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The BIK tax bands for EVs will increase to 1% in 2021\/22 and 2% in 2022\/23.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cIt always amazes me how little employees know about electric vehicles,\u201d says Simon King, fleet and procurement director at <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fleetnews.co.uk\/fleet-management\/case-studies\/home\/mitie-will-convert-20-of-its-fleet-to-ev-by-2020\">Mitie, which has p<\/a><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.commercialfleet.org\/news\/van-news\/2020\/01\/22\/mitie-accelerates-electric-vehicle-roll-out\">ledged to convert its entire fleet to electric by 2030<\/a>. \u201cIf you drive a BMW 320d and switch to a Tesla Model 3, how much BIK will you save a year come April? It\u2019s \u00a34,500 take home.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cSo, if I take away your BMW 3 Series and give you a Tesla instead, that\u2019s the same as giving you an \u00a38,000 pay rise, assuming you are a 40% taxpayer. What\u2019s not to like about that?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The changes to the BIK car tax regime also have benefits for employers. As the Class 1A National Insurance Contributions (NICs) for company cars is calculated using the BIK tax band, organisations will pay no Class 1A NIC on pure electric vehicles in 2020\/21.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Using the same cars as in the previous example, they will save \u00a31,148 and \u00a31,236 a year by opting for a BEV over an equivalent petrol or diesel model respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The fuel BIK charge that applies to ICE cars does not apply to any electricity supplied by an employee to charge a BEV (such as at work), while employers can provide a charge card to give access to public charging points without a fuel BIK charge arising.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">There is also no BIK charge for a company car user when an employer pays to install a charge point at the employee\u2019s home.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">In addition, BEVs are also exempt from vehicle excise duty (VED), while companies are able to claim First Year Allowances for electric charge point equipment bought.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Service, maintenance and repairs<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The SMR costs of a BEV are between 40% and 60% lower than for an ICE car, according to analysts at KPMG.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Figures from data company KeeResources show the SMR cost of a Hyundai Kona Electric over four years\/80,000 miles is 2.97ppm, or \u00a32,376. This is \u00a31,328 \u2013 or 35% \u2013 less than for the petrol Kona 1.0T-GDi 120 SE.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The reduced cost of SMR is largely down to the lower number of moving parts: a BEV powertrain features just three \u2013 the on-board charger, inverter and motor \u2013 compared with the hundreds of components in an ICE engine and gearbox.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Cornish business C&amp;C Taxis reports that over 174,000 miles and outside of scheduled annual services, one of its Nissan Leaf taxis needed<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">just three sets of wipers, two sets of brake pads for the rear and one damper, as well as tyre replacements when necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cWith a diesel taxi doing that sort of mileage you\u2019d be looking at replacing a clutch and that sort of work can see a car out of the business for three days,\u201d said Mark Richards, C&amp;C transport manager.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cThat length of downtime can hurt the business, but we haven\u2019t had that problem with the EV. Service and maintenance savings are impressive.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Clean Air Zones<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">More than 60 towns and cities around the UK have either introduced or are currently considering the potential introduction of <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fleetnews.co.uk\/fleet-faq\/what-are-the-proposed-uk-clean-air-zones-caz\">clean air zones <\/a>(CAZs) to improve local air quality. These see vehicles which do not meet stipulated emissions standards charged to drive in the zone, with requirements varying dependent on the scheme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Currently, the majority of CAZs allow petrol and diesel cars and vans which meet the latest Euro emissions standards to enter without paying the charge, but there are signs this will change.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Bristol, for example, has proposed a CAZ which bans diesel cars and vans from an area in the city centre from March 2021, while Oxford is set to introduce a zero-emission zone, banning all petrol- and diesel-powered vehicles from entering its city centre from December.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Transport for London (TfL) has announced that only BEVs will be exempt from its charge after October 25, 2021 \u2013 the date when the zone is due to expand to 18 times its current size. All other vehicles \u2013 including plug-in hybrids \u2013 will then be subject to the charge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Organisations can make significant savings by operating BEVs in these areas. For example, London\u2019s ultra-low emission zone (ULEZ) sees cars and vans which do not comply with its emissions standards facing a daily \u00a312.50 charge to drive within the zone. If a non-compliant vehicle operates in the zone just twice a week, it will rack up charges of around \u00a3100 a month, or \u00a31,200 a year.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Residual values<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">As a new technology with limited supply into the used market, the long-term strength of BEV residual values (RVs) is relatively unknown. However, KeeResources predicts they are comparable with petrol and diesel models.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">For example, it says after four years\/80,000 miles, a Volkswagen e-Golf will retain 27% of its value. Over the same duty cycle, a diesel Golf will be worth 25% of its new price.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The data company also says, over the same lifecycle, a Hyundai Kona Electric\u2019s RV will be 25%, two percentage points lower than the petrol model.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cOver time, used (BEV) values have stabilised and now perform against the same market pressures as their petrol counterparts,\u201d adds Chris Plumb, senior valuations editor at Cap HPI.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cIt\u2019s clear that there is a growing market for a used BEV at a particular price point perhaps for use as a second car for city commutes. We expect to see demand continue to increase as CAZs are rolled out across the country and the range of product widens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Simon King, of Mitie, is \u201cvery optimistic\u201d about the future RVs of BEVs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cIf you buy a Tesla Powerwall which has got 10kWh of battery storage, it will cost you \u00a35,000,\u201d he says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cA Nissan Leaf e+ has a 62kWh battery and costs \u00a335,000; 62 divided by 10 is 6.2, multiply that by \u00a35,000 and you get close to \u00a335,000 which is the cost of the car, so buy a battery, get a car free.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cOver time, yes, the battery will degrade, but the RV associated with that battery will be significant, whether it be for the rare earth metals or the battery per se.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cThere is a huge opportunity to reuse that storage and that capacity in time, so I think the RVs will stack up very well.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Government grants<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Financial help is available from the Government to help organisations adopt EVs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Its Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) offers a range of grants, including plug-in vehicle grants towards the purchase price, which go up to a maximum of \u00a33,500 for cars and up to \u00a38,000 for vans.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">OLEV\u2019s Workplace Charging Scheme is a grant that businesses can use to reduce the cost of installing charge points for staff by up to \u00a310,000.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The grant is for \u00a3500 per charge point socket, up to 20 sockets per applicant organisation, and is available to any business, charity or public authority.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"pull-left padding-right-15\"><a class=\"hidden-print\" title=\"Andrew Ryan\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fleetnews.co.uk\/author\/andrew-ryan\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img-responsive alignleft\" title=\"Andrew Ryan\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.fleetnews.co.uk\/web\/1\/root\/andrew-ryan_w90.jpg\" alt=\"Andrew Ryan\" width=\"196\" height=\"196\" \/> <\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"pull-left mobile-padding-top-15\">\n<ul class=\"list-unstyled\">\n<li>Author:\u00a0 <a class=\"hidden-print\" title=\"Andrew Ryan\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fleetnews.co.uk\/author\/andrew-ryan\">Andrew Ryan<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"hidden-print\">Features editor<\/li>\n<li class=\"hidden-print\">\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:andrew.ryan@bauermedia.co.uk\">andrew.ryan@bauermedia.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u00a001733 468308<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"hidden-print author-bio\">\n<p>Andrew Ryan is the features editor at Fleet News. He has been a journalist for more than 20 years and has specialised in the fleet industry for the past 12.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"posted-by\">Source:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fleetnews.co.uk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.fleetnews.co.uk<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/consultancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>CUT COTS OF THE FLEET WITH OUR AUDIT PROGRAM<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/consultancy\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5377\" src=\"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/04\/nueva-ley-auditoria.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/04\/nueva-ley-auditoria.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/04\/nueva-ley-auditoria-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/04\/nueva-ley-auditoria-1024x682.jpg 1024w\" alt=\"\" width=\"858\" height=\"572\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The audit is a key tool to know the overall status and provide the analysis, the assessment, the advice, the suggestions and the actions to take in order to cut costs and increase the efficiency and efficacy of the fleet. We propose the following fleet management audit.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/consultancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>FLEET MANAGEMENT AUDIT<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eight years ago, Fleet News produced a supplement boldly called \u201c2012: The Year of The Electric Car\u201d. While there was growing evidence at that time that the technology was about to break through into the mainstream, it turned out we were \u2013 as is sometimes the case \u2013 ahead of our time. However, current political,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6483,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[7],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6481"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6481"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6484,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6481\/revisions\/6484"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}