{"id":14409,"date":"2025-08-12T22:49:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T20:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/?p=14409"},"modified":"2025-08-12T22:49:23","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T20:49:23","slug":"types-of-electric-motors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/2025\/08\/12\/types-of-electric-motors\/","title":{"rendered":"Video-Types of electric motors and their relationship to rare earths."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kuoAU50_OOY?si=aPP3PD9VhosCP9ek\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><center><\/center><\/center>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The class develops the types of electric motors, their relationship with rare earths, and the implications for fleet management.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Slide 2. Types of electric motors and their relationship with rare earths.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>History of the electric motor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The electric motor predates the internal combustion engine. The theory that forms the basis of modern industry was developed by the English physicist Michael Faraday. He discovered that magnetism produces electricity through motion and provided the foundations for the theory of electromagnetism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In 1821, Faraday built two devices designed to produce what he called electromagnetic rotation. Later, under this name, he published the results of his work, which describes the principle of what we know today as an electric motor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In 1831, he discovered electromagnetic induction, a discovery that laid the foundation for the development of generators. The first direct current motor was manufactured and patented by Thomas Davenport in 1837. On the other hand, the paternity of the alternating current motor is disputed between Galileo Ferraris, Michail Ossipowitsch Doliwo-Dobrowolski and Nikola Tesla, the first patent being that of Nikola Tesla in 1887.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Electric motors are based on the principle of electromagnetic rotation, discovered by Faraday. The phenomenon of attraction or repulsion between two magnets depends on the alignment of their magnetic poles. In the context of an electric motor, electricity is used to generate magnetic fields of opposite nature. As a result of this process, the rotating part, called the rotor, moves relative to the static part, known as the stator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The rotor is equipped with wiring, called a coil, whose magnetic field is opposite to that of the stator. This configuration generates a fixed longitudinal magnetism, which is created through the use of inductors or permanent magnets. Thus, with each of the opposing magnetic fields, the rotor begins to rotate within the stator. However, it is precisely at this point where significant challenges arise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 As soon as the rotor and stator poles are aligned, the motor will come to a standstill. For the rotor to maintain its rotation within the stator, it is imperative to reverse the polarity of the rotor magnets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This result is achieved by connecting the rotor coils to a rotating commutator. This device ensures the stability of the transverse direction of the magnetism as the rotor rotates. In this way, the magnetisms between the stator and rotor are never properly aligned, resulting in the rotor&#8217;s continuous spinning.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Synchronous motor and asynchronous motor.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In the field of electrical technology, two main categories of motors are distinguished: synchronous motors and asynchronous motors. Both motors have the ability to operate interchangeably as motors or generators, making them a versatile solution adaptable to various needs.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The synchronous motor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This is the most widely used and easy to understand. The motor is composed of a wound stator and a rotor equipped with permanent magnets. The controller sends voltage to the stator coils, thus creating a magnetic field in each of them. The closer these coils are to each other, the better the performance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The rotor has its own magnetic field. Since opposite poles attract and unlike poles repel, the rotor aligns with the stator field. The voltage transmitted by the controller to the stator is alternating in nature, resulting in the rotation of the magnetic fields within it. Since the rotor aligns with the stator field, which is rotating, the rotor will rotate with it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The speed at which the magnetic field rotates determines the rotor&#8217;s rotation speed, provided it has the necessary torque. If you want to lock it, simply leave the field fixed and it will not move.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This phenomenon is called synchronous because it rotates at the same speed as the electromagnetic field, mirroring the rotation as long as it can overcome the load resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The asynchronous motor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The asynchronous motor is governed by Faraday&#8217;s principle of mutual induction. When three-phase alternating current is applied to the inductor coils, a rotating magnetic field is generated, called a rotating field, whose frequency is equivalent to that of the alternating current supplying the motor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This field, when rotating around the rotor at rest, induces electrical voltages that generate currents in it. These, in turn, generate a magnetic field that replicates the motion of the stator field, thus producing a torque that rotates the rotor by the principle of mutual induction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 However, it is important to note that induction in the rotor only occurs if there is a difference between the relative speeds of the stator and rotor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Therefore, the rotor speed will never reach that of the rotating field. If both speeds were equal, no induction would be generated and the rotor would not produce torque.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The difference in speeds is called &#8220;slip&#8221; and is measured in percentage terms. For this reason, induction motors are called &#8220;asynchronous&#8221; because the rotor speed differs slightly from that of the rotating field.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Slip varies depending on the mechanical load applied to the rotor, reaching its maximum level when the highest load is applied. However, despite this, the motor&#8217;s speed barely varies, but the torque and, therefore, the current consumed remain constant. Therefore, it can be concluded that these are constant-speed motors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 From a technical perspective, an asynchronous motor is defined as an electrical transformer, whose stator windings represent the primary winding and the rotor windings are equivalent to the secondary winding of a short-circuited transformer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This aspect constitutes a clear advantage for the motor in question. A constant three-phase voltage is sufficient to start the motor and maintain it at the optimal speed for its performance. During the start-up phase, a significant difference in rotational speed is observed, which translates into a significantly higher torque. Once the motor reaches operating speed, energy consumption is minimal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Controlling an induction motor is more complex compared to a permanent magnet motor. The calculation of the voltage and frequency required by the controller is carried out by using mathematical vectors, which is known as &#8220;vector control&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Technological differences between synchronous and asynchronous motors<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A synchronous electric motor generally incorporates permanent magnets composed of rare earth elements, such as dysprosium, gadolinium, or neodymium. These magnets provide magnetic flux when magnetized by another magnetic field and do not lose their properties once the source of the magnetism ceases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Embedded in the motor&#8217;s rotor, they dispense with the use of an external excitation system and brushes, which are necessary to generate the corresponding magnetic field in the rotor and promote its rotation when exposed to the externally generated field in the stator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Motors without permanent magnets require the use of an external electric current, which often requires copper wiring, slip rings, and a power supply to generate a magnetic field in the rotor. Although they are more economical, their efficiency is lower and they require a higher-capacity battery, which reduces runtime.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Certainly, the main competitive advantage of permanent magnet motors lies in their greater efficiency and smaller size. Compared to externally excited motors, these allow precise control of the power of the magnet generated in the rotor, which in turn allows for optimal regulation of torque requirements at all times. On the other hand, the motors become more bulky due to the additional components required for the magnetic field power supply system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Most manufacturers opt for the use of synchronous motors, either permanent magnet or electromagnet. The choice between the two is determined by the required performance. In the case of the Model 3, Tesla has opted to implement permanent magnet motors, in contrast to the induction motors with electromagnets used in the Model X and Model S.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Types of electric motors in electric vehicles.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong> Asynchronous or induction motor.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This type of electric motor, primarily used in vehicles, is characterized by the fact that the rotor does not rotate at the same speed as the magnetic field generated by the stator. In other words, the magnetic field always runs a few degrees ahead of the rotor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This type of motor operates using alternating current, which can be three-phase or single-phase. In the first case, a rotating magnetic field (RMF) is generated, while in the second, the magnetic field is alternating.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Its use is justified by its simplicity and low cost, as well as the reduced noise and vibrations it generates, making it the ideal electric motor if you are looking for a vehicle with maximum efficiency and reliability.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Switched or variable reluctance synchronous motor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Known as a variable reluctance synchronous motor, this motor is equipped with a rotor with metallic components in which current is generated through the coils. These motors offer high levels of torque and power, especially at high speeds, and are robust and economical. However, their efficiency is compromised at low speeds. These motors are characterized by their durability and competitiveness in terms of production costs.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Permanent magnet synchronous motor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They have a constant rotor speed, which corresponds to the magnetic field generated by the stator. Within these, two main categories can be distinguished: radial flux and axial flux, depending, in each case, on the position of the induction magnetic field.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Their typical application is in vehicles equipped with hybrid mechanics, where a series of magnets are powered on each phase of the stator. These devices are completely silent and robust, and require no maintenance. Furthermore, it should be noted that they are lightweight and highly efficient at low revs.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Permanent magnet brushless motor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They use direct current to operate, and are commonly used in hybrid vehicles. Their operation is based on the use of permanent magnets located in the rotor, which are sequentially powered in each phase of the stator. They are expensive and have low power, yet offer great robustness, require no maintenance, and are quiet.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Rare earths in electric motors.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Induction or asynchronous motors are characterized by their internal structure, consisting of a cage of vertical or slightly inclined bars, joined by rings at both ends. These bars are made of aluminum or copper, depending on the specific motor configuration. The core of this cage is made of multiple layers of low-carbon steel, as it has better magnetic properties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To optimize performance, it is recommended to completely build the system with copper. Copper is a relatively abundant metal, affordable, and very easily recycled.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Regarding synchronous motors, it is important to note that they use neodymium-based permanent magnets. This compound was developed in 1983.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Since then, this compound of neodymium, iron, and boron (Nd2Fe14B) has become the standard for quality magnets due to its high magnetic field concentration. The arrival of this material has revolutionized the field of electric motors. With these highly concentrated magnets, two main approaches have been explored: Reducing size while maintaining power, or maintaining a similar size while increasing power.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The induction motor is not affected by temperature changes unless the melting temperature of the copper wire varnish is exceeded. Otherwise, no problems are expected. If acceleration occurs, there is no cause for concern. The problem would arise if this occurred constantly. Electric motors in automobiles commonly have cooling systems, however, the heat generated inside can be difficult to extract, due to the impossibility of the rotor coming into contact with the cooling circuit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For a permanent magnet motor, heat poses a significant challenge that requires meticulous attention. It is crucial to note that applying heat to a magnet can cause the loss of its magnetic properties. It should be noted that if the temperature is excessively high, there is a possibility of permanent deterioration in the magnet&#8217;s functionality. Therefore, it is imperative to have magnets that do not experience changes in their magnetic field with increases in temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 We have a new definition: coercivity. This term refers to the intrinsic ability of a material to preserve its magnetic properties even with significant increases in temperature. While it is easy to not exceed a magnet&#8217;s critical temperature limit and cause it to permanently lose its properties, maintaining those properties at all times is a more complex task. Increasing the coercivity of neodymium magnets is achieved by incorporating additional rare earth elements, such as terbium or dysprosium.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Within the field of inorganic chemistry, &#8220;rare earths&#8221; are defined as the group of 17 chemical elements, including the 15 lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Despite their name, not all of them are excessively difficult to find. The extraction process for these minerals is complicated due to their association with ores and the presence of radioactive elements, which further complicates cleaning operations, which become costly and polluting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neodymium is among the most abundant rare earths, although this is not the case with terbium or dysprosium. Another relevant aspect regarding rare earths is that the majority of global production originates in China. Interestingly, its deposits generally do not contain radioactive elements, making them more competitive compared to other locations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neodymium mining has become imperative, given its growing value in modern industry. Neodymium, previously considered a rare metal, has become a strategic material of increasing importance in various industrial and technological applications. To make matters worse, rare earths are extremely difficult to recycle.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Vehicle manufacturers are developing synchronous electric motors without permanent magnets or rare earths.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This represents a significant innovation in the sector. However, it is important to note that this development entails three aspects that must be considered.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">They require extra current to power the rotor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If an electric current is applied to a conductor coil, it will generate a magnetic field, just as a magnet would, so it would also serve the rotor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Certainly, any change in energy state involves a loss. In this case, this loss manifests itself in the rotor coils. BMW has reported that its motor exhibits remarkable efficiency, achieving 93% energy utilization. This result raises the question of whether it is limited solely to the motor or whether it considers the losses associated with the rotor coils.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Since the rotor requires electrical current but is rotating, we need brushes to transmit the electrical current.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 These brushes are not made of carbon, but of noble metals such as gold, which guarantees excellent electrical conductivity. Over time, they will need to be replaced due to the inevitable wear they experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">To generate the same magnetic field as a neodymium magnet, a coil must have a surface area five times larger.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This means that the cross section of a wound rotor is five times larger than that of a permanent magnet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Synchronous motors without rare earths have more complex technology, lower energy efficiency, are bulkier, and more expensive.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Why permanent magnet motors remain the dominant technology.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There are two main factors that determine the selection of motor technology.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Performance.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rare earth permanent magnet motors are characterized by the highest power and torque density, efficiency, and low manufacturing costs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Of course, the main drawback lies in the cost of materials, as magnets typically account for approximately one-third of the total cost of motor components.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Cost.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Since their peak in 2022, rare earth prices have stabilized, allowing permanent magnet motors to become cost-competitive again and reducing the need for alternatives.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unless there is a significant improvement in rare-earth-free magnets or a major regulatory push, rare-earth permanent magnet motors are likely to retain the majority of the market share, especially considering that China is the largest EV market and has less incentive to shift away from rare earths.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Improvement of electric motors.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Most electric vehicles manufacturers develop their own electric motors, suggesting the potential for further improvements. In any case, there is the potential for a significant breakthrough that could provide a commercial advantage over other brands.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The implementation of lighter materials in engine manufacturing, the optimization of engine performance for each vehicle, for passenger cars, heavy-duty vehicles, and light industrial applications, among others, and alternatives to rare earths are some notable examples of improvements in electric motors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is clear that one of the aspects susceptible to optimization is energy management. In an electric motor, torque and rotational speed determine its consumption, while maximum power is necessary for performance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Efficient management of these parameters contributes significantly to extending battery life. Furthermore, room for improvement has been identified in the cooling system of motors and batteries, especially when these components are in high demand.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Likewise, room for improvement has been identified in the packaging of the motors, i.e., their configuration. In the case of the Honda NSX, an innovative approach has been implemented by incorporating two smaller electric motors on the front axle, instead of relying on a single motor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In this way, the torque distribution and regenerative braking function is significantly more efficient, as each of the two motors can operate independently of the other. While one sends power to the wheel with the greatest traction capacity, the other applies regenerative braking.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Implications for fleet management.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The technical characteristics of the battery and the range are the most important aspects when purchasing an electric vehicle, because.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The battery is the most important component of an electric vehicle because it stores energy and can cost up to 30-35% of the total cost of the vehicle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The technical characteristics and type of electric motor are a secondary consideration, often overlooked and overlooked when purchasing an electric vehicle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Furthermore, the type of electric motor cannot be chosen, but the following measures are recommended when purchasing an electric vehicle whenever possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong> Rare earths.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Electric motors should be purchased with the lowest possible amount of rare earths, or without any rare earths, due to the pollution generated by the extraction and processing of rare earths.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong> Synchronous motors are more efficient than asynchronous motors.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vehicles with synchronous motors are recommended over asynchronous motors because they are more energy efficient.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The efficiency of a synchronous or permanent magnet motor reaches 93%, while the efficiency of an asynchronous motor reaches 85%, a difference of 8%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The actual range is about half of this value, varying greatly from model to model.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 With the same battery capacity, a synchronous motor can travel more kilometers than an asynchronous motor.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong> Asynchronous motors are more economical than synchronous motors.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 However, since the vehicle&#8217;s electric motor cannot be selected, this is not a real advantage, it is included in the price of the electric vehicle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The vehicle manufacturer chooses the electric motor depending on the vehicle&#8217;s use, for example, motors that offer high performance and fast response may be required.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong> Temperature.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 High temperatures in the electric motor can cause breakdowns.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Repeated and very frequent starts without rest periods, and sudden and repeated accelerations over time, can progressively raise the stator temperature and compromise the lifespan of the stator windings, even causing failures due to insulation melting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drivers must be trained to avoid repeated and very frequent starts without rest periods, and sudden and repeated accelerations over time.<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Slide 3. Thank you for your time.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The class has developed the types of electric motors, their relationship with rare earths, and the implications for fleet management, see you soon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Bibliography.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/convertronic.net\/noticias\/tecnologia\/12381-los-motores-sin-tierras-raras-pasan-a-un-segundo-plano-en-los-vehiculos-electricos.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/www.hibridosyelectricos.com\/coches\/fabricantes-prescinden-tierras-raras-motores-coches-electricos_47093_102.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/miguelleon.es\/noticias\/93-tipos-de-motores-en-autos-electricos-una-guia-completa.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/www.motorpasion.com\/tecnologia\/los-motores-son-tambien-clave-en-el-desarrollo-del-coche-electrico-no-todo-es-cuestion-de-baterias<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/www.rodesrecambios.es\/blog\/motores\/tipos-de-motores\/tipos-de-motores-presentes-en-automoviles-electricos\/?srsltid=AfmBOoqVP17J8M0M5StQmfbpaC4lCbq99i2jKUM_29RWYQo_eDvB3Q7-<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motor_as%C3%ADncrono<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"oSioSc\">\n<div id=\"tw-target\">\n<div id=\"kAz1tf\" class=\"g9WsWb PZPZlf\" data-attrid=\"tw-targetArea\" data-entityname=\"Google Translate\">\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"text\"><center><br \/>\n<iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lqDHsHZw37U?si=1MSe-_eNFHEc6Fso\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><center><\/center><\/center><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">The price of the training is 250 euros<\/span><\/strong><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">. <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">The training is asynchronous online, you can do it at your own pace, whenever and from wherever you want, you set the schedule. <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">Classes are video recorded.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"QmZWSe\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oSioSc\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div id=\"tw-target\">\n<div id=\"kAz1tf\" class=\"g9WsWb PZPZlf\" data-attrid=\"tw-targetArea\" data-entityname=\"Google Translate\">\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"text\">\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiyhr_Hh9qNAxVkaqQEHcl_Ej8Q3ewLegQICRAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">Start date: The training can be started whenever you want. Once payment is made, you have access to the training.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">The training is in English, subtitles and syllabus avalaible.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Other subtitles and video syllabus available: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Thai, Turkish, Vietnamese.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiyhr_Hh9qNAxVkaqQEHcl_Ej8Q3ewLegQICRAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">All syllabus has been developed by the teacher.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0<strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">Fill out the following form to receive course information, or write an email to:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><div role=\"form\" class=\"wpcf7\" id=\"wpcf7-f14073-o1\" lang=\"es-ES\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14409#wpcf7-f14073-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\">\n<div style=\"display: none;\">\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"14073\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"5.1.7\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f14073-o1\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_hidden_group_fields\" value=\"\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_hidden_groups\" value=\"\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_visible_groups\" value=\"\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_repeaters\" value=\"[]\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_steps\" value=\"{}\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_options\" value=\"{&quot;form_id&quot;:14073,&quot;conditions&quot;:[],&quot;settings&quot;:{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;animation_intime&quot;:200,&quot;animation_outtime&quot;:200,&quot;notice_dismissed&quot;:false}}\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap your-name\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"your-name\" value=\"\" size=\"40\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Your name (*)\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap email-job\"><input type=\"email\" name=\"email-job\" value=\"\" size=\"40\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-validates-as-email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Job email (*)\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap tel-628\"><input type=\"tel\" name=\"tel-628\" value=\"\" size=\"40\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-tel wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-validates-as-tel\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Phone (*)\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap Pais\"><select name=\"Pais\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"><option value=\"Country\">Country<\/option><option value=\"Afghanistan\">Afghanistan<\/option><option value=\"Albania\">Albania<\/option><option value=\"Algeria\">Algeria<\/option><option value=\"American Samoa\">American Samoa<\/option><option value=\"Andorra\">Andorra<\/option><option value=\"Angola\">Angola<\/option><option value=\"Anguilla\">Anguilla<\/option><option value=\"Antarctica\">Antarctica<\/option><option value=\"Antigua and Barbuda\">Antigua and Barbuda<\/option><option value=\"Argentina\">Argentina<\/option><option value=\"Armenia\">Armenia<\/option><option value=\"Aruba\">Aruba<\/option><option value=\"Australia\">Australia<\/option><option value=\"Austria\">Austria<\/option><option value=\"Azerbaijan\">Azerbaijan<\/option><option value=\"Bahamas\">Bahamas<\/option><option value=\"Bahrain\">Bahrain<\/option><option value=\"Bangladesh\">Bangladesh<\/option><option value=\"Barbados\">Barbados<\/option><option value=\"Belarus\">Belarus<\/option><option value=\"Belgium\">Belgium<\/option><option value=\"Belize\">Belize<\/option><option value=\"Benin\">Benin<\/option><option value=\"Bermuda\">Bermuda<\/option><option value=\"Bhutan\">Bhutan<\/option><option value=\"Bolivia\">Bolivia<\/option><option value=\"Bosnia and Herzegovina\">Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/option><option value=\"Botswana\">Botswana<\/option><option value=\"Bouvet Island\">Bouvet Island<\/option><option value=\"Brazil\">Brazil<\/option><option value=\"British Indian Ocean Territory\">British Indian Ocean Territory<\/option><option value=\"Brunei Darussalam\">Brunei Darussalam<\/option><option value=\"Bulgaria\">Bulgaria<\/option><option value=\"Burkina Faso\">Burkina Faso<\/option><option value=\"Burundi\">Burundi<\/option><option value=\"Cambodia\">Cambodia<\/option><option value=\"Cameroon\">Cameroon<\/option><option value=\"Canada\">Canada<\/option><option value=\"Cape Verde\">Cape Verde<\/option><option value=\"Cayman Islands\">Cayman Islands<\/option><option value=\"Central African Republic\">Central African Republic<\/option><option value=\"Chad\">Chad<\/option><option value=\"Chile\">Chile<\/option><option value=\"China\">China<\/option><option value=\"Christmas Island\">Christmas Island<\/option><option value=\"Cocos (Keeling) Islands\">Cocos (Keeling) Islands<\/option><option value=\"Colombia\">Colombia<\/option><option value=\"Comoros\">Comoros<\/option><option value=\"Congo\">Congo<\/option><option value=\"Congo, The Democratic Republic of The\">Congo, The Democratic Republic of The<\/option><option value=\"Cook Islands\">Cook Islands<\/option><option value=\"Costa Rica\">Costa Rica<\/option><option value=\"Cote D&#039;ivoire\">Cote D&#039;ivoire<\/option><option value=\"Croatia\">Croatia<\/option><option value=\"Cuba\">Cuba<\/option><option value=\"Cyprus\">Cyprus<\/option><option value=\"Czech Republic\">Czech Republic<\/option><option value=\"Denmark\">Denmark<\/option><option value=\"Djibouti\">Djibouti<\/option><option value=\"Dominica\">Dominica<\/option><option value=\"Dominican Republic\">Dominican Republic<\/option><option value=\"Ecuador\">Ecuador<\/option><option value=\"Egypt\">Egypt<\/option><option value=\"El Salvador\">El Salvador<\/option><option value=\"Equatorial Guinea\">Equatorial Guinea<\/option><option value=\"Eritrea\">Eritrea<\/option><option value=\"Estonia\">Estonia<\/option><option value=\"Ethiopia\">Ethiopia<\/option><option value=\"Falkland Islands (Malvinas)\">Falkland Islands (Malvinas)<\/option><option value=\"Faroe Islands\">Faroe Islands<\/option><option value=\"Fiji\">Fiji<\/option><option value=\"Finland\">Finland<\/option><option value=\"France\">France<\/option><option value=\"French Guiana\">French Guiana<\/option><option value=\"French Polynesia\">French Polynesia<\/option><option value=\"French Southern Territories\">French Southern Territories<\/option><option value=\"Gabon\">Gabon<\/option><option value=\"Gambia\">Gambia<\/option><option value=\"Georgia\">Georgia<\/option><option value=\"Germany\">Germany<\/option><option value=\"Ghana\">Ghana<\/option><option value=\"Gibraltar\">Gibraltar<\/option><option value=\"Greece\">Greece<\/option><option value=\"Greenland\">Greenland<\/option><option value=\"Grenada\">Grenada<\/option><option value=\"Guadeloupe\">Guadeloupe<\/option><option value=\"Guam\">Guam<\/option><option value=\"Guatemala\">Guatemala<\/option><option value=\"Guinea\">Guinea<\/option><option value=\"Guinea-bissau\">Guinea-bissau<\/option><option value=\"Guyana\">Guyana<\/option><option value=\"Haiti\">Haiti<\/option><option value=\"Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands\">Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands<\/option><option value=\"Holy See (Vatican City State)\">Holy See (Vatican City State)<\/option><option value=\"Honduras\">Honduras<\/option><option value=\"Hong Kong\">Hong Kong<\/option><option value=\"Hungary\">Hungary<\/option><option value=\"Iceland\">Iceland<\/option><option value=\"India\">India<\/option><option value=\"Indonesia\">Indonesia<\/option><option value=\"Iran, Islamic Republic of\">Iran, Islamic Republic of<\/option><option value=\"Iraq\">Iraq<\/option><option value=\"Ireland\">Ireland<\/option><option value=\"Israel\">Israel<\/option><option value=\"Italy\">Italy<\/option><option value=\"Jamaica\">Jamaica<\/option><option value=\"Japan\">Japan<\/option><option value=\"Jordan\">Jordan<\/option><option value=\"Kazakhstan\">Kazakhstan<\/option><option value=\"Kenya\">Kenya<\/option><option value=\"Kiribati\">Kiribati<\/option><option value=\"Korea, Democratic People&#039;s Republic of\">Korea, Democratic People&#039;s Republic of<\/option><option value=\"Korea, Republic of\">Korea, Republic of<\/option><option value=\"Kuwait\">Kuwait<\/option><option value=\"Kyrgyzstan\">Kyrgyzstan<\/option><option value=\"Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic\">Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic<\/option><option value=\"Latvia\">Latvia<\/option><option value=\"Lebanon\">Lebanon<\/option><option value=\"Lesotho\">Lesotho<\/option><option value=\"Liberia\">Liberia<\/option><option value=\"Libyan Arab Jamahiriya\">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya<\/option><option value=\"Liechtenstein\">Liechtenstein<\/option><option value=\"Lithuania\">Lithuania<\/option><option value=\"Luxembourg\">Luxembourg<\/option><option value=\"Macao\">Macao<\/option><option value=\"Madagascar\">Madagascar<\/option><option value=\"Malawi\">Malawi<\/option><option value=\"Malaysia\">Malaysia<\/option><option value=\"Maldives\">Maldives<\/option><option value=\"Mali\">Mali<\/option><option value=\"Malta\">Malta<\/option><option value=\"Marshall Islands\">Marshall Islands<\/option><option value=\"Martinique\">Martinique<\/option><option value=\"Mauritania\">Mauritania<\/option><option value=\"Mauritius\">Mauritius<\/option><option value=\"Mayotte\">Mayotte<\/option><option value=\"Mexico\">Mexico<\/option><option value=\"Micronesia, Federated States of\">Micronesia, Federated States of<\/option><option value=\"Moldova, Republic of\">Moldova, Republic of<\/option><option value=\"Monaco\">Monaco<\/option><option value=\"Mongolia\">Mongolia<\/option><option value=\"Montserrat\">Montserrat<\/option><option value=\"Morocco\">Morocco<\/option><option value=\"Mozambique\">Mozambique<\/option><option value=\"Myanmar\">Myanmar<\/option><option value=\"Namibia\">Namibia<\/option><option value=\"Nauru\">Nauru<\/option><option value=\"Nepal\">Nepal<\/option><option value=\"Netherlands\">Netherlands<\/option><option value=\"Netherlands Antilles\">Netherlands Antilles<\/option><option value=\"New Caledonia\">New Caledonia<\/option><option value=\"New Zealand\">New Zealand<\/option><option value=\"Nicaragua\">Nicaragua<\/option><option value=\"Niger\">Niger<\/option><option value=\"Nigeria\">Nigeria<\/option><option value=\"Niue\">Niue<\/option><option value=\"Norfolk Island\">Norfolk Island<\/option><option value=\"North Macedonia\">North Macedonia<\/option><option value=\"Northern Mariana Islands\">Northern Mariana Islands<\/option><option value=\"Norway\">Norway<\/option><option value=\"Oman\">Oman<\/option><option value=\"Pakistan\">Pakistan<\/option><option value=\"Palau\">Palau<\/option><option value=\"Palestinian Territory, Occupied\">Palestinian Territory, Occupied<\/option><option value=\"Panama\">Panama<\/option><option value=\"Papua New Guinea\">Papua New Guinea<\/option><option value=\"Paraguay\">Paraguay<\/option><option value=\"Peru\">Peru<\/option><option value=\"Philippines\">Philippines<\/option><option value=\"Pitcairn\">Pitcairn<\/option><option value=\"Poland\">Poland<\/option><option value=\"Portugal\">Portugal<\/option><option value=\"Puerto Rico\">Puerto Rico<\/option><option value=\"Qatar\">Qatar<\/option><option value=\"Reunion\">Reunion<\/option><option value=\"Romania\">Romania<\/option><option value=\"Russian Federation\">Russian Federation<\/option><option value=\"Rwanda\">Rwanda<\/option><option value=\"Saint Helena\">Saint Helena<\/option><option value=\"Saint Kitts and Nevis\">Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/option><option value=\"Saint Lucia\">Saint Lucia<\/option><option value=\"Saint Pierre and Miquelon\">Saint Pierre and Miquelon<\/option><option value=\"Saint Vincent and The Grenadines\">Saint Vincent and The Grenadines<\/option><option value=\"Samoa\">Samoa<\/option><option value=\"San Marino\">San Marino<\/option><option value=\"Sao Tome and Principe\">Sao Tome and Principe<\/option><option value=\"Saudi Arabia\">Saudi Arabia<\/option><option value=\"Senegal\">Senegal<\/option><option value=\"Serbia and Montenegro\">Serbia and Montenegro<\/option><option value=\"Seychelles\">Seychelles<\/option><option value=\"Sierra Leone\">Sierra Leone<\/option><option value=\"Singapore\">Singapore<\/option><option value=\"Slovakia\">Slovakia<\/option><option value=\"Slovenia\">Slovenia<\/option><option value=\"Solomon Islands\">Solomon Islands<\/option><option value=\"Somalia\">Somalia<\/option><option value=\"South Africa\">South Africa<\/option><option value=\"South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands\">South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands<\/option><option value=\"Spain\">Spain<\/option><option value=\"Sri Lanka\">Sri Lanka<\/option><option value=\"Sudan\">Sudan<\/option><option value=\"Suriname\">Suriname<\/option><option value=\"Svalbard and Jan Mayen\">Svalbard and Jan Mayen<\/option><option value=\"Swaziland\">Swaziland<\/option><option value=\"Sweden\">Sweden<\/option><option value=\"Switzerland\">Switzerland<\/option><option value=\"Syrian Arab Republic\">Syrian Arab Republic<\/option><option value=\"Taiwan, Province of China\">Taiwan, Province of China<\/option><option value=\"Tajikistan\">Tajikistan<\/option><option value=\"Tanzania, United Republic of\">Tanzania, United Republic of<\/option><option value=\"Thailand\">Thailand<\/option><option value=\"Timor-leste\">Timor-leste<\/option><option value=\"Togo\">Togo<\/option><option value=\"Tokelau\">Tokelau<\/option><option value=\"Tonga\">Tonga<\/option><option value=\"Trinidad and Tobago\">Trinidad and Tobago<\/option><option value=\"Tunisia\">Tunisia<\/option><option value=\"Turkey\">Turkey<\/option><option value=\"Turkmenistan\">Turkmenistan<\/option><option value=\"Turks and Caicos Islands\">Turks and Caicos Islands<\/option><option value=\"Tuvalu\">Tuvalu<\/option><option value=\"Uganda\">Uganda<\/option><option value=\"Ukraine\">Ukraine<\/option><option value=\"United Arab Emirates\">United Arab Emirates<\/option><option value=\"United Kingdom\">United Kingdom<\/option><option value=\"United Kingdom\">United Kingdom<\/option><option value=\"United States\">United States<\/option><option value=\"United States\">United States<\/option><option value=\"United States Minor Outlying Islands\">United States Minor Outlying Islands<\/option><option value=\"Uruguay\">Uruguay<\/option><option value=\"Uzbekistan\">Uzbekistan<\/option><option value=\"Vanuatu\">Vanuatu<\/option><option value=\"Venezuela\">Venezuela<\/option><option value=\"Viet Nam\">Viet Nam<\/option><option value=\"Virgin Islands, British\">Virgin Islands, British<\/option><option value=\"Virgin Islands, U.S.\">Virgin Islands, U.S.<\/option><option value=\"Wallis and Futuna\">Wallis and Futuna<\/option><option value=\"Western Sahara\">Western Sahara<\/option><option value=\"Yemen\">Yemen<\/option><option value=\"Zambia\">Zambia<\/option><option value=\"Zimbabwe\">Zimbabwe<\/option><\/select><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap Heledoyaceptolostrminosycondiciones\"><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-acceptance\"><span class=\"wpcf7-list-item\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"Heledoyaceptolostrminosycondiciones\" value=\"1\" aria-invalid=\"false\" \/><span class=\"wpcf7-list-item-label\">I accept the terms and conditions<\/span><\/label><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit\" \/><\/p>\n<input type='hidden' class='wpcf7-pum' value='{\"closepopup\":false,\"closedelay\":0,\"openpopup\":false,\"openpopup_id\":0}' \/><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output wpcf7-display-none\"><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">Contact.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Jos\u00e9 Miguel Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Email: <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"mailto:info@advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">info@advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Mobile phone: +34 678254874 Spain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Course Features.<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The course is aimed at: managers, middle managers, fleet managers, any professional related to electric vehicles, and any company, organization, public administration that wants to switch to electric vehicles. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Schedule: at your own pace, you set the schedule. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Duration: 27 hours.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Completion time: Once you have started the course you have 6 months to finish it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Materials: english slides and syllabus for each class in PDF. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">If you pass the course you get a certificate. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Each class has a quiz to take.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">English language, subtitles and syllabus.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Other subtitles and video syllabus available: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Thai, Turkish, Vietnamese.<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiyhr_Hh9qNAxVkaqQEHcl_Ej8Q3ewLegQICRAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Start date: The course can be started whenever you want. Once payment is made, you have access to the course.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"oSioSc\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div id=\"tw-target\">\n<div id=\"kAz1tf\" class=\"g9WsWb PZPZlf\" data-attrid=\"tw-targetArea\" data-entityname=\"Google Translate\">\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"text\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Price.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">250 euros<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\">\n<div class=\"oSioSc\">\n<div id=\"tw-target\">\n<div id=\"kAz1tf\" class=\"g9WsWb PZPZlf\" data-attrid=\"tw-targetArea\" data-entityname=\"Google Translate\">\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"text\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwih9q64sdyNAxX-TqQEHRDsNa8Q3ewLegQIBxAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">You can pay by bank transfer, credit card, or PayPal.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Goals. <\/strong> <\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Know the most important aspects to take into account when electrifying a fleet of vehicles. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Learn about electric vehicle technology. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> Know the polluting emissions that occur when a fleet of vehicles is electrified. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> Know what technologies are viable to electrify a fleet of vehicles. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Learn about real cases of vehicle fleet electrification. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> Know the history of the electric vehicle.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">Syllabus.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">History of electric vehicle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Battery electric vehicle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">History of the lithium ion battery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Types of electric vehicle batteries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">New electric vehicle battery materials.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Other storage technologies of electric vehicle batteries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Battery components.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Battery Management System-BMS.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The use of rare earths in the electric vehicle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Fundamentals of the electric motor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Types of electric motors and their relationship to rare earths.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Electric vehicle inverter: what it is and what it is used for.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Battery degradation loss of autonomy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">What is covered and not covered by the electric vehicle battery warranty.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Battery passport.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Battery fire of the electric vehicle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Causes, stages and\u00a0 risks of battery fire.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Real cases of electric vehicle fire.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Electric vehicle battery fire extinguishment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Measures to prevent, extinguish and control electric vehicle fires.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Fire safety regulations for electric vehicle batteries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Impact of ambient temperature on battery performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The electric vehicle brands most likely to breakdown due to high temperatures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Which emmits more Co2, an electric car or a car with an internal combustion engine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Plug-in electric hybrids, a solution or an obstacle\u00a0 to electrify the vehicle fleet?.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Fleet electrification with hydrogen vehicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Cybersecurity of charging points.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The theft of copper in electric vehicle chargers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Incidents at electric car charging points and their possible solutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Batery swapping.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The second life of the battery of the EV at Rome airport.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The tires of electric vehicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Electric vehicle, artificial intelligence, and electricity demand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The case of Hertz electrification.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The case of Huaneng: The world&#8217;s first electrified and autonomous mining fleet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Consequences on the vehicle fleet of an electric vehicle brand going bankruptcy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">E-fuels and synthetic fuels are not an alternative to decarbonize the vehicle fleet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">How to avoid premature obsolescence of the fleet&#8217;s electric vehicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Polluting emissions from brakes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Mileage manipulation to extinguish warranty early on electric vehicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The importance of the electricity tariff in reducing electric vehicle costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Taxi reality: Three true stories of electrification for economy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Electric vehicles cause more motion sickness than gasoline vehicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Electric vehicle insurance and advanced driver assistance systems-ADAS.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">One-pedal driving: Risk of accidents.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">Training teacher<\/span>.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column \" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/who-we-are\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jos\u00e9 Miguel Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez<\/a> is the manager of Advanced Fleet Management Consulting, a consulting company specialized in vehicle fleet management and <span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">the owner of the fleet management channel on YouTube <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCOPw2rdwSEA0iIapSs0fHJw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>AdvancedfleetmanagementTube.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"text\">\n<div class=\"oSioSc\">\n<div id=\"tw-target\">\n<div id=\"kAz1tf\" class=\"g9WsWb PZPZlf\" data-attrid=\"tw-targetArea\" data-entityname=\"Google Translate\">\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"text\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">Since 2007 I have been working in fleet management <\/span><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">consultancy <\/span><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\">and training for all types of companies, organizations and public administrations. <\/span>With this course I want to make my experience and knowledge acquired during my work and academic career in this discipline available to my clients.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I carry out consulting projects related to vehicle fleet management and collaborate with companies developing products\/services in this market. I have worked at <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.insead.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">INSEAD<\/a> (France), one of the best business schools in the world, as a Research Fellow at the Social Innovation Centre-Humanitarian Research Group.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I carried out consulting and research activities in a project for the <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations refugee organization (UNHCR),<\/a> optimizing the size and management of the activities of the vehicle fleet, which this organization has distributed throughout the world (6,500 vehicles).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I worked as a fleet manager for five years, for <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.urbaser.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Urbaser,<\/a> which managed the street cleaning service in Madrid (Spain). I managed a fleet of 1,000 vehicles, made up of various technologies and types of vehicles such as: heavy and light vehicles, vans, passenger cars or sweepers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I have completed all my academic degrees at the <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upm.es\/internacional\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Polytechnic University of Madrid<\/a>, one of the best universities in Spain, my academic training is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I hold a PhD in Industrial Engineering, with international mention, since I carried out research stays at the <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.liverpool.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of Liverpool (UK)<\/a> and at the <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kth.se\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Royal Institute of Technology-KTH (Sweden).<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I am also an Industrial Engineer (Industrial Management) and an Mechanical Engineer, and I completed a Master&#8217;s Degree in Operations Management, Quality and Technological Innovation (Cepade) and another Master&#8217;s Degree in Industrial Management (UPM).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I have publications in indexed magazines and presentations at international industrial engineering conferences.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oSioSc\">\n<div id=\"tw-target\">\n<div id=\"kAz1tf\" class=\"g9WsWb PZPZlf\" data-attrid=\"tw-targetArea\" data-entityname=\"Google Translate\">\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"text\">\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Cancellations and penalties.<\/strong> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traducci\u00f3n\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwijrrHz0eGLAxVDgP0HHRzXEf0Q3ewLegQICBAU\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Once the course has started, the amount will not be refunded.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The class develops the types of electric motors, their relationship with rare earths, and the implications for fleet management. \u00a0Slide 2. Types of electric motors and their relationship with rare earths. \u00a0History of the electric motor. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The electric motor predates the internal combustion engine. The theory that forms the basis of modern industry&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14409"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14409"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14411,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14409\/revisions\/14411"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/advancedfleetmanagementconsulting.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}